Neanderthals were adept lion hunters using spears, a recent study in Scientific Reports unveils.

The discovery of a 48,000-year-old lion skeleton in a German cave provided compelling evidence of early predator hunting by hominids. This find challenges the notion that Neanderthals were solely scavengers, showcasing their proficiency as large carnivore hunters.

The skeleton, found in southeastern Germany, displayed a significant puncture wound in its rib, indicating a fatal spear strike likely delivered while the lion was alive. Analysis suggests a potential hunting technique reminiscent of how hunters approached hibernating cave bears—sneaking up behind the animal and delivering a lethal spear thrust.

The study reconstructed the event, concluding the lion was likely lying down when fatally struck, ruling out tooth marks from competing predators as the cause. Additionally, other marks on the remains suggested butchering practices, further supporting the theory of Neanderthal lion hunting.

In a separate discovery, remains of cave lion phalanges found in Einhornhöhle, Germany, around 190,000 years old, hinted at an early use of lion pelts. The absence of wear and distinct features associated with decorations suggested these remains were utilized for their fur, indicating an advanced understanding of lion anatomy and fur processing techniques.

Despite their extinction around 12,000 years ago, cave lions were widespread across Eurasia, evidenced by their remains and depicted in ancient cave paintings found in various locations.

These findings shed light on Neanderthals’ hunting prowess and challenge previous assumptions about their relationship with large predators, showcasing their capability not only as scavengers but also as skilled hunters of formidable prey like cave lions.